The General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Office of the State Council have issued the Opinions on Strengthening the Construction of High Skilled Talents in the New Era

• by EVOMT
• 2022-12-19

Recently, the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Office of the State Council issued the "Opinions on Strengthening the Construction of High Skilled Talents in the New Era", and issued a notice requesting all regions and departments to earnestly implement them in combination with actual conditions.

The full text of "Opinions on Strengthening the Construction of High Skilled Talents in the New Era" is as follows.

Skilled talents are an important force supporting China's manufacturing and creation. Strengthening the construction of a team of highly skilled talents above senior workers is of great significance to consolidate and develop the progressiveness nature of the working class, enhance the national core competitiveness and scientific and technological innovation ability, ease the structural contradiction of employment, and promote high-quality development. In order to implement the decisions and arrangements of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, and strengthen the construction of a team of highly skilled talents in the new era, the following opinions are proposed.

1、 General requirements

(1) Guiding ideology. Guided by stable employment, we will vigorously promote the spirit of model workers, labor spirit, and craftsmanship, fully implement the "Skilled China Action", improve the system for training, using, evaluating, and motivating skilled personnel, build a work system for highly skilled personnel led by the Party committee, led by the government, supported by policies, and participated by enterprises and society, and create a team that loves the party and serves the country, is dedicated to work, skilled, high-quality, and large-scale A reasonably structured team of highly skilled talents.

(2) Target task. By the end of the "14th Five Year Plan" period, the system and policies for highly skilled talents have been improved, the training system has been improved, the use of posts has been more reasonable, the evaluation mechanism has been more scientific, and the incentive guarantee has been stronger. The social atmosphere of respecting skills and respecting labor has become stronger. The scale of skilled talents has continuously expanded, their quality has steadily improved, their structure has been continuously optimized, and their income has steadily increased. The proportion of skilled talents in employment has reached over 30%, The proportion of highly skilled talents in skilled talents reaches 1/3, and the proportion of highly skilled talents in eastern provinces reaches 35%. Strive to continuously expand the scale of skilled talents and significantly improve their quality by 2035, and adapt the number and structure of highly skilled talents to the requirements of basically realizing socialist modernization.

2、 Strengthen the cultivation of highly skilled talents

(3) We will improve the training system for highly skilled personnel. Build a highly skilled talent cultivation system based on industry enterprises, vocational schools (including technical colleges, the same below), and a combination of government promotion and social support. Industry competent departments and industry organizations should make a good supply and demand forecast and training plan for highly skilled talents based on the industry's production and technology development trends. Encourage various enterprises to incorporate the cultivation of highly skilled talents into their overall development plans and annual plans based on actual conditions, and vigorously cultivate highly skilled talents by relying on enterprise training centers, industry-education integration training bases, high-skilled talent training bases, public training bases, skill master studios, model workers and artisan talent innovation studios, and online learning platforms. State-owned enterprises should incorporate the formulation and implementation of high-skilled talent training plans into the assessment and evaluation system based on actual conditions. Encourage various enterprises, institutions, social organizations, and other social organizations to participate in the establishment of vocational education and training institutions in accordance with the law through sole proprietorship, joint venture, and cooperation, and actively participate in the acceptance of government purchased services. For eligible investments in vocational education established by enterprises included in the construction and cultivation of industry education integrated enterprises, 30% of the investment amount can be credited against the education surcharges and local education surcharges payable in the current year in accordance with relevant regulations.

(4) Innovate the training mode of highly skilled talents. Explore the apprenticeship system with Chinese characteristics. Deepen the integration of industry and education, and cooperation between schools and enterprises, carry out order-based training and package training, and innovate in ways such as school enterprise dual system, school factory, and factory school. Governments at all levels shall praise and provide corresponding policy support to enterprises that have achieved remarkable results in jointly cultivating highly skilled talents in accordance with regulations. Improve the project based training model and implement differentiated training projects for different types and groups of highly skilled talents. Encourage the open training of highly skilled talents through famous teachers and apprentices, skill training, post training, skill competitions, technical exchanges, and other forms. Establish a continuing education system for skilled talents, promote the action of pursuing learning and fulfilling dreams, regularly organize and carry out research and exchange activities, and promote the adaptation of knowledge updating of skilled talents to the requirements of technological innovation, process transformation, and industrial optimization and upgrading.

(5) Strengthen the cultivation of urgently needed highly skilled personnel. Implement a plan to cultivate highly skilled leading talents around the needs of national major strategies, major projects, major projects, and key industries for highly skilled talents. Support manufacturing enterprises in implementing the manufacturing skills foundation project around transformation and upgrading and industrial foundation reconstruction projects. Focusing on building a powerful online country and a digital China, we will implement actions to improve the digital literacy and skills of the entire population, establish a number of digital skilled talent training pilot zones, create a number of digital literacy and skills improvement training bases, hold nationwide digital literacy and skills improvement activities, and implement the open sharing of digital education and training resources. Centering on the strategy of rural revitalization, we will implement a plan to cultivate rural artisans, excavate, protect, and inherit traditional folk skills, and create a number of "artisan parks.".

(六)发挥职业学校培养高技能人才的基础性作用。优化职业教育类型、院校布局和专业设置。采取中等职业学校和普通高中同批次并行招生等措施，稳定中等职业学校招生规模。在技工院校中普遍推行工学一体化技能人才培养模式。允许职业学校开展有偿性社会培训、技术服务或创办企业，所取得的收入可按一定比例作为办学经费自主安排使用;公办职业学校所取得的收入可按一定比例作为绩效工资来源，用于支付本校教师和其他培训教师的劳动报酬。合理保障职业学校师资受公派临时出国(境)参加培训访学、进修学习、技能交流等学术交流活动相关费用。切实保障职业学校学生在升学、就业、职业发展等方面与同层次普通学校学生享有平等机会。实施现代职业教育质量提升计划，支持职业学校改善办学条件。

(七)优化高技能人才培养资源和服务供给。实施国家乡村振兴重点帮扶地区职业技能提升工程，加大东西部协作和对口帮扶力度。健全公共职业技能培训体系，实施职业技能培训共建共享行动，开展县域职业技能培训共建共享试点。加快探索“互联网+职业技能培训”，构建线上线下相结合的培训模式。依托“金保工程”，加快推进职业技能培训实名制管理工作，建立以社会保障卡为载体的劳动者终身职业技能培训电子档案。

三、完善技能导向的使用制度

(八)健全高技能人才岗位使用机制。企业可设立技能津贴、班组长津贴、带徒津贴等，支持鼓励高技能人才在岗位上发挥技能、管理班组、带徒传技。鼓励企业根据需要，建立高技能领军人才“揭榜领题”以及参与重大生产决策、重大技术革新和技术攻关项目的制度。实行“技师+工程师”等团队合作模式，在科研和技术攻关中发挥高技能人才创新能力。鼓励支持高技能人才兼任职业学校实习实训指导教师。注重青年高技能人才选用。高技能人才配置状况应作为生产经营性企业及其他实体参加重大工程项目招投标、评优和资质评估的重要因素。

(九)完善技能要素参与分配制度。引导企业建立健全基于岗位价值、能力素质和业绩贡献的技能人才薪酬分配制度，实现多劳者多得、技高者多得，促进人力资源优化配置。国有企业在工资分配上要发挥向技能人才倾斜的示范作用。完善企业薪酬调查和信息发布制度，鼓励有条件的地区发布分职业(工种、岗位)、分技能等级的工资价位信息，为企业与技能人才协商确定工资水平提供信息参考。用人单位在聘的高技能人才在学习进修、岗位聘任、职务晋升、工资福利等方面，分别比照相应层级专业技术人员享受同等待遇。完善科技成果转化收益分享机制，对在技术革新或技术攻关中作出突出贡献的高技能人才给予奖励。高技能人才可实行年薪制、协议工资制，企业可对作出突出贡献的优秀高技能人才实行特岗特酬，鼓励符合条件的企业积极运用中长期激励工具，加大对高技能人才的激励力度。畅通为高技能人才建立企业年金的机制，鼓励和引导企业为包括高技能人才在内的职工建立企业年金。完善高技能特殊人才特殊待遇政策。

(十)完善技能人才稳才留才引才机制。鼓励和引导企业关心关爱技能人才，依法保障技能人才合法权益，合理确定劳动报酬。健全人才服务体系，促进技能人才合理流动，提高技能人才配置效率。建立健全技能人才柔性流动机制，鼓励技能人才通过兼职、服务、技术攻关、项目合作等方式更好发挥作用。畅通高技能人才向专业技术岗位或管理岗位流动渠道。引导企业规范开展共享用工。支持各地结合产业发展需求实际，将急需紧缺技能人才纳入人才引进目录，引导技能人才向欠发达地区、基层一线流动。支持各地将高技能人才纳入城市直接落户范围，高技能人才的配偶、子女按有关规定享受公共就业、教育、住房等保障服务。

四、建立技能人才职业技能等级制度和多元化评价机制

(十一)拓宽技能人才职业发展通道。建立健全技能人才职业技能等级制度。对设有高级技师的职业(工种)，可在其上增设特级技师和首席技师技术职务(岗位)，在初级工之下补设学徒工，形成由学徒工、初级工、中级工、高级工、技师、高级技师、特级技师、首席技师构成的“八级工”职业技能等级(岗位)序列。鼓励符合条件的专业技术人员按有关规定申请参加相应职业(工种)的职业技能评价。支持各地面向符合条件的技能人才招聘事业单位工作人员，重视从技能人才中培养选拔党政干部。建立职业资格、职业技能等级与相应职称、学历的双向比照认定制度，推进学历教育学习成果、非学历教育学习成果、职业技能等级学分转换互认，建立国家资历框架。

(十二)健全职业标准体系和评价制度。健全符合我国国情的现代职业分类体系，完善新职业信息发布制度。完善由国家职业标准、行业企业评价规范、专项职业能力考核规范等构成的多层次、相互衔接的职业标准体系。探索开展技能人员职业标准国际互通、证书国际互认工作，各地可建立境外技能人员职业资格认可清单制度。健全以职业资格评价、职业技能等级认定和专项职业能力考核等为主要内容的技能人才评价机制。完善以职业能力为导向、以工作业绩为重点，注重工匠精神培育和职业道德养成的技能人才评价体系，推动职业技能评价与终身职业技能培训制度相适应，与使用、待遇相衔接。深化职业资格制度改革，完善职业资格目录，实行动态调整。围绕新业态、新技术和劳务品牌、地方特色产业、非物质文化遗产传承项目等，加大专项职业能力考核项目开发力度。

(十三)推行职业技能等级认定。支持符合条件的企业自主确定技能人才评价职业(工种)范围，自主设置岗位等级，自主开发制定岗位规范，自主运用评价方式开展技能人才职业技能等级评价;企业对新招录或未定级职工，可根据其日常表现、工作业绩，结合职业标准和企业岗位规范要求，直接认定相应的职业技能等级。打破学历、资历、年龄、比例等限制，对技能高超、业绩突出的一线职工，可直接认定高级工以上职业技能等级。对解决重大工艺技术难题和重大质量问题、技术创新成果获得省部级以上奖项、“师带徒”业绩突出的高技能人才，可破格晋升职业技能等级。推进“学历证书+若干职业技能证书”制度实施。强化技能人才评价规范管理，加大对社会培训评价组织的征集遴选力度，优化遴选条件，构建政府监管、机构自律、社会监督的质量监督体系，保障评价认定结果的科学性、公平性和权威性。

(十四)完善职业技能竞赛体系。广泛深入开展职业技能竞赛，完善以世界技能大赛为引领、全国职业技能大赛为龙头、全国行业和地方各级职业技能竞赛以及专项赛为主体、企业和院校职业技能比赛为基础的中国特色职业技能竞赛体系。依托现有资源，加强世界技能大赛综合训练中心、研究(研修)中心、集训基地等平台建设，推动世界技能大赛成果转化。定期举办全国职业技能大赛，推动省、市、县开展综合性竞赛活动。鼓励行业开展特色竞赛活动，举办乡村振兴职业技能大赛。举办世界职业院校技能大赛、全国职业院校技能大赛等职业学校技能竞赛。健全竞赛管理制度，推行“赛展演会”结合的办赛模式，建立政府、企业和社会多方参与的竞赛投入保障机制，加强竞赛专兼职队伍建设，提高竞赛科学化、规范化、专业化水平。完善并落实竞赛获奖选手表彰奖励、升学、职业技能等级晋升等政策。鼓励企业对竞赛获奖选手建立与岗位使用及薪酬待遇挂钩的长效激励机制。

五、建立高技能人才表彰激励机制

(十五)加大高技能人才表彰奖励力度。建立以国家表彰为引领、行业企业奖励为主体、社会奖励为补充的高技能人才表彰奖励体系。完善评选表彰中华技能大奖获得者和全国技术能手制度。国家级荣誉适当向高技能人才倾斜。加大高技能人才在全国劳动模范和先进工作者、国家科学技术奖等相关表彰中的评选力度，积极推荐高技能人才享受政府特殊津贴，对符合条件的高技能人才按规定授予五一劳动奖章、青年五四奖章、青年岗位能手、三八红旗手、巾帼建功标兵等荣誉，提高全社会对技能人才的认可认同。

(十六)健全高技能人才激励机制。加强对技能人才的政治引领和政治吸纳，注重做好党委(党组)联系服务高技能人才工作。将高技能人才纳入各地人才分类目录。注重依法依章程推荐高技能人才为人民代表大会代表候选人、政治协商会议委员人选、群团组织代表大会代表或委员会委员候选人。进一步提高高技能人才在职工代表大会中的比例，支持高技能人才参与企业管理。按照有关规定，选拔推荐优秀高技能人才到工会、共青团、妇联等群团组织挂职或兼职。建立高技能人才休假疗养制度，鼓励支持分级开展高技能人才休假疗养、研修交流和节日慰问等活动。

六、保障措施

(十七)强化组织领导。坚持党对高技能人才队伍建设的全面领导，确保正确政治方向。各级党委和政府要将高技能人才工作纳入本地区经济社会发展、人才队伍建设总体部署和考核范围。在本级人才工作领导小组统筹协调下，建立组织部门牵头抓总、人力资源社会保障部门组织实施、有关部门各司其职、行业企业和社会各方广泛参与的高技能人才工作机制。各地区各部门要大力宣传技能人才在经济社会发展中的作用和贡献，进一步营造重视、关心、尊重高技能人才的社会氛围，形成劳动光荣、技能宝贵、创造伟大的时代风尚。

(十八)加强政策支持。各级政府要统筹利用现有资金渠道，按规定支持高技能人才工作。企业要按规定足额提取和使用职工教育经费，60%以上用于一线职工教育和培训。落实企业职工教育经费税前扣除政策，有条件的地方可探索建立省级统一的企业职工教育经费使用管理制度。各地要按规定发挥好有关教育经费等各类资金作用，支持职业教育发展。

(十九)加强技能人才基础工作。充分利用大数据、云计算等新一代信息技术，加强技能人才工作信息化建设。建立健全高技能人才库。加强高技能人才理论研究和成果转化。大力推进符合高技能人才培养需求的精品课程、教材和师资建设，开发高技能人才培养标准和一体化课程。加强国际交流合作，推动实施技能领域“走出去”、“引进来”合作项目，支持青年学生、毕业生参与青年国际实习交流计划，推进与各国在技能领域的交流互鉴。

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